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In order to deter)-9.9(mine the most)]TJ T* (profitable use of limited water supplies, it is criti-)Tj T* (cal to have an understanding of how water stress)Tj T* (at each growth stage influences tuber yield and)Tj T* [(quality)79.7(. Specific irrigation management guide-)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw [(lines for each growth stage are presented below)79.7(.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 55 636 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (V)Tj 0.6822 0 TD -0.0218 Tc [(egetative Gr)17.6(owth Stage)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 618 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (The vegetative growth stage begins at seedpiece)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw [(sprouting and extends to stolon for)-10(mation. This)]TJ T* (growth stage typically has a 20- to 25-day dura-)Tj T* [(tion, depending upon variety)79.7(, cultural practices,)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw [(and environmental conditions. W)79.7(ater stress dur-)]TJ T* 0 Tw (ing the vegetative growth stage tends to acclimate)Tj T* (\(harden\) the plant to water stress, often reducing)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (the effect of water stress in later growth stages)Tj T* 0 Tw [(and improving tuber quality)79.7(. This may explain)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (why extending water stress over the whole season)Tj T* (is better than isolated periods of water stress in)Tj T* 0 Tw (later growth stages.)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.9346 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (ater stress during the vegetative growth stage)Tj -0.9346 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (reduces leaf area, vine and root expansion, and)Tj T* 0 Tw (plant height, and delays canopy development.)Tj T* 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.9346 0 TD -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (ater deficits during vegetative growth have also)Tj -0.9346 -1.1429 TD (been shown to decrease the number of tubers set)Tj T* 0 Tw (per plant, which then results in fewer and larger)Tj T* [(tubers at har)-25(vest.)]TJ 0 -1.7143 TD 0.0001 Tw (A general irrigation management guideline for)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (silt loam soils is to withhold irrigation until full)Tj T* (emergence. This guideline is based on the)Tj T* (assumption that winter precipitation has been)Tj T* (sufficient to fill the top two feet of the soil profile)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(to near field capacity)79.7(. In drought years, however)59.7(,)]TJ T* (irrigation may be needed before full emergence to)Tj T* (limit water stress, particularly on coarse-textured)Tj T* 0 Tw (soils. Under these conditions, it is usually best to)Tj T* (irrigate before planting to minimize disease devel-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (opment. As a general guide, available soil water)Tj T* (in the upper twelve inches of the root zone should)Tj T* (not be allowed to drop below 55 percent during)Tj T* 0 Tw (vegetative growth. Extreme caution must be used)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (to ensure that water stress is reduced or elimi-)Tj T* 0 Tw (nated at the time of tuber initiation and early)Tj T* [(bulking. This will not nor)-9.9(mally be a problem with)]TJ T* (irrigation systems other than center pivots or lin-)Tj T* [(ear-moves. However)59.7(, center pivots or linear-move)]TJ T* (systems with flow rates of less than 7 to 7.5 gpm)Tj T* (per acre may never be able to catch up to water)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (demand for the remainder of the season.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 55 108 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.5524 0 TD -0.0218 Tc (uberization)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 90 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.5164 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (uberization begins when stolon tips begin to)Tj -0.5164 -1.1429 TD (swell and tubers begin to develop but are not)Tj T* (appreciably enlarging \(less than 1/2-inch in)Tj 24.8648 62.8571 TD (diameter\). This growth stage typically has a dura-)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (tion of 10 to 14 days. Although additional tubers)Tj T* [(may continue to for)-9.9(m on stolons during later)]TJ T* (stages of plant development, tubers that con-)Tj T* [(tribute the most to marketable yield are for)-9.9(med at)]TJ T* (this time.)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.9346 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (ater stress during tuber initiation can substan-)Tj -0.9346 -1.1429 TD [(tially reduce tuber yield and quality)79.7(. In a 1987)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (field study at the UI Aberdeen Research and)Tj T* [(Extension Center)59.7(, Russet Burbank potatoes were)]TJ T* 0 Tw (exposed to moderate \(10-day\) to severe \(14-day\))Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (periods of water deficits during different stages of)Tj T* 0 Tw (tuber development. These trials had lower overall)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (yields as well as lower yields of U.S. No. 1 potatoes)Tj T* (when stress occurred during tuber initiation)Tj T* 0 Tw [(rather than during tuber bulking \(T)94.8(able 1\). T)64.8(ubers)]TJ T* (that are stressed during tuberization often are)Tj T* (severely misshapen, with pointed stem ends, mul-)Tj T* [(tiple knobs, and other malfor)-10(mations.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 316.08 246 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.5524 0 TD -0.0218 Tc (uber Bulking)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 228 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (The tuber bulking growth stage extends from the)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (stage when tubers are about one-half inch in)Tj T* (diameter to canopy senescence. This growth stage)Tj T* (has a duration of 60 to 120 days, depending upon)Tj T* [(variety)79.7(, nutrient availability)79.7(, environmental con-)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(ditions, and pathogen severity)79.7(. Under ideal condi-)]TJ T* (tions, this growth stage is characterized by a)Tj T* (constant rate of increase in tuber size and weight.)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (Interruptions in tuber growth by water stress often)Tj T* 0 Tw (result in misshapen tubers with knobs, growth)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (cracks, and irregular shapes characterized as)Tj T* 0 Tw (bottlenecks, dumbbells, and other irregular)Tj T* [(cur)-25(ved shapes. The common explanation is that)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (water and/or heat stress results in irregular tuber)Tj T* (growth rate and changes in apical dominance,)Tj ET 1 1 1 sc 228.795 41.405 134.356 -28.41 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 280.8779 33.5467 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (page )Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F8 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 305.0698 33.5467 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj ET 1 1 1 sc 314.255 487.463 243.745 -221.387 re f BT 9 0 0 9 315.2555 480 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc (T)Tj 0.4609 0 TD -0.0122 Tc (able 1.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 348.9462 480 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw [(Ef)-73.1(fect of deficit ir)-34(rigation during tuberization and early)]TJ -3.7434 -1.3333 TD 0.0001 Tw [(tuber bulking on Russet Burbank yield and quality)63.8(, Aber)-17(deen)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(Resear)-20(ch and Extension Center)46.7(, 1987.)]TJ ET /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 315.255 448.338 m 557 448.338 l S BT 9 0 0 9 343.2703 438 Tm -0.0001 Tw [(Period Without)-5187.3(T)74.8(otal)-4065.6(U.S. No. 1)]TJ ET 315.255 420.296 m 557 420.296 l S BT 9 0 0 9 354.3364 426 Tm 0 Tw [(Ir)-34.1(rigation)-6390(Yield)-5228.7(Yield)]TJ ET 315.255 402.296 m 557 402.296 l S Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F9 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 362.2623 408 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw [(days)-6411.3(cwt/acr)-14(e)-3510(cwt/acr)-14(e)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 361.0922 390 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0122 Tc 0 Tw [(None)-7288.1(342)-5523.6(230)]TJ -3.6578 -2 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.445 0 TD -0.0122 Tc [(uberization \(10 days\))-3787.4(313)-5523.6(185)]TJ -0.445 -2 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.445 0 TD -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(uber bulking \(10 days\))-3239.4(317)-5523.6(182)]TJ -0.445 -2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.445 0 TD -0.0122 Tc [(uberization \(14 days\))-3787.4(262)-5523.6(112)]TJ ET /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 315.255 314.862 m 557 314.862 l S BT 9 0 0 9 328.1721 318 Tm 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.445 0 TD -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(uber bulking \(14 days\))-3239.4(293)-5523.6(175)]TJ 8 0 0 8 315.2555 305.976 Tm [(Adapted fr)-15.1(om: Stark, J.C and R.B. Dwelle. 1989. Antitranspirant)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD 0 Tw [(ef)-73.1(fects on yield, quality)63.9(, and water use ef)-73.1(ficiency of Russet Burbank)]TJ T* (potatoes. Am. Potato J. 66:563-574. )Tj ET Q endstream endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 56 0 R /Resources 5 0 R /Contents 6 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 5 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 65 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F7 30 0 R /F8 31 0 R /F9 32 0 R /F10 33 0 R /F11 34 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 7 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R /GS2 35 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 67 0 R /Cs9 36 0 R >> /Properties << /MC1 9 0 R >> >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 13103 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 792 m 0 792 l f q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -697.5 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 474 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (creating the irregular shape. Thus, periods of)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (water stress during tuber bulking often decrease)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (U.S. No. 1 yield by increasing the percentage of)Tj T* 0 Tw (U.S. No. 2 tubers. If sustained deficit irrigation)Tj T* (occurs during the growth stage, total marketable)Tj T* (yield will be reduced. This occurs because the)Tj T* (overall tuber growth rate is reduced, resulting in)Tj T* (smaller tubers, a greater proportion of which are)Tj T* (not marketable due to their small size.)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD (The tuber bulking period for Idaho is on the order)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (of twelve weeks or less, depending upon the vari-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(ety)79.7(, location, and season. Research conducted at)]TJ T* (the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center in)Tj T* 0 Tw (the late 1980s investigated the effect of water)Tj T* (stress during tuber bulking on Russet Burbank)Tj T* [(tuber yield and quality)79.7(. The results are given in)]TJ T* 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.4863 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (able 2. The nine weeks immediately following)Tj -0.4863 -1.1429 TD (tuberization were divided into three three-week)Tj T* [(inter)-25(vals and designated as early \(E\), mid \(M\),)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (and late \(L\) bulking. Constant water stress was)Tj T* 0 Tw (imposed during two or three of these periods by)Tj T* (irrigating at the rate of 80 or 60 percent of nor-)Tj T* (mal crop water use \(evapotranspiration\). The)Tj T* (greatest reductions in total yield generally)Tj T* (occurred when deficit irrigation was imposed dur-)Tj T* (ing early-mid \(EM\) and mid-late \(ML\) bulking,)Tj T* [(regardless of water stress intensity)79.7(. Spreading)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (deficit irrigation evenly over the three periods or)Tj T* 0 Tw (during the early- and late-bulking periods)Tj T* (resulted in less total yield reductions. The effects)Tj T* (on U.S. No. 1 yields were similar to those for total)Tj T* [(yield. W)79.8(ater stress during the tuber bulking)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (growth stage increased the percentage of under-)Tj T* (sized tubers with a corresponding decrease in the)Tj T* 0 Tw [(4- to 10-oz size tubers. W)79.7(ater stress during the)]TJ T* (early- and mid-bulking periods resulted in the)Tj 24.8648 40.5714 TD (lowest specific gravities. The results of this study)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (indicate that water stress during the early-bulking)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (period increases the amount of reducing sugar in)Tj T* 0 Tw [(the stem end and negatively affects fr)-25(y color)59.7(.)]TJ 0 -1.7143 TD [(Irrigators who must rely on sur)-12.1(face water supplies)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(can be subject to early deliver)-25.1(y ter)-9.9(mination \(cut-)]TJ T* (off\) during extended periods of drought. In)Tj T* [(drought years, irrigation ter)-9.9(minations during the)]TJ T* (month of August are highly probable. The effect)Tj T* [(of early irrigation ter)-9.9(mination on Russet Burbank)]TJ T* (tuber yield and grade was investigated at the)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (Aberdeen Research and Extension Center in 1992)Tj T* 0 Tw [(\(Figure 1\). W)79.8(ater application was ter)-9.9(minated dur-)]TJ T* (ing the first or third week in August, either)Tj T* (abruptly or gradually over a two-week period.)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (The same amount of water was applied under)Tj T* 0 Tw [(both cutoff methods for a given ter)-9.9(mination date.)]TJ ET 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -252 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F8 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 55 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.4609 0 TD -0.0122 Tc (able 2.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 88.6907 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Ef)-73.2(fect of two levels of water str)-14.1(ess during thr)-14.1(ee periods of the tuber bulking gr)-15(owth stage on yield and grade of Russet)]TJ ET /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 55 708.296 m 557 708.296 l S BT 9 0 0 9 55 714 Tm [(Burbank tubers, Aber)-17(deen Resear)-20(ch and Extension Center)46.7(, 1988-89.)]TJ 11.105 -2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (W)Tj 0.768 0 TD -0.0122 Tc [(ater)-6259.2(U.S.)-12098.2(U.S.)]TJ -8.7453 -1.3333 TD [(Ir)-34.1(rigation)-4074.1(Str)-14.1(ess)-5824.6(No. 1)-5317.8(Undersize)-2062.1(No. 2)-2387.1(Specific)-5946.7(Yield)]TJ ET 55 667.484 m 557 667.484 l S BT 9 0 0 9 90.048 672 Tm [(Level)-4844.7(Timing)-2441.7(4-10 oz)-2926.3(>10 oz)-2831(<4 oz)-3125(T)74.8(otal)-2798.4(Gravity)-2995.7(T)74.8(otal)-3387.8(U.S. No. 1)]TJ 0.7558 -2 TD 0 Tc (%)Tj 6.321 0 TD -0.0122 Tc (E,M,L)Tj 4.5 0 0 4.5 175.5128 660.095 Tm 0 Tc (1)Tj 9 0 0 9 211.6551 654 Tm 5.3174 Tc (%%)Tj 11.5415 0 TD 4.6268 Tc (%%)Tj 14.7883 0 TD -0.0121 Tc ( cwt/ac )Tj -39.6237 -1.3333 TD [(100)-5851(-)-4239.8(65)-5135.7(5)-4936.3(4)-4739(6)-3614.7(1.083)-3224.2(417)-4845.8(292)]TJ 0.2939 -1.3333 TD [(80)-5821.1(EML)-3916(57)-5135.7(7)-4642.4(3)0(1)-4445.2(5)-3614.7(1.081)-3224.2(381)-4845.8(245)]TJ T* [(80)-6065.1(EM)-4160(56)-5135.7(6)-4642.4(3)0(2)-4445.2(6)-3614.7(1.079)-3224.2(363)-4845.8(228)]TJ T* [(80)-6095(ML)-4189.9(58)-5135.7(9)-4642.4(2)0(6)-4445.2(7)-3614.7(1.082)-3224.2(360)-4845.8(240)]TJ T* [(80)-6225(EL)-4319.9(56)-5135.7(7)-4642.4(3)0(1)-4445.2(6)-3614.7(1.080)-3224.2(380)-4845.8(240)]TJ T* [(60)-5821.1(EML)-3916(52)-5135.7(6)-4642.4(3)0(6)-4445.2(6)-3614.7(1.079)-3224.2(338)-4845.8(197)]TJ T* [(60)-6065.1(EM)-4160(52)-5135.7(7)-4642.4(3)0(6)-4445.2(5)-3614.7(1.078)-3224.2(316)-4845.8(186)]TJ T* [(60)-6095(ML)-4189.9(56)-5135.7(6)-4642.4(3)0(3)-4445.2(5)-3614.7(1.081)-3224.2(298)-4845.8(194)]TJ ET 55 540.022 m 557 540.022 l S BT 9 0 0 9 94.6553 546 Tm [(60)-6225(EL)-4319.9(54)-5135.7(7)-4642.4(3)0(2)-4445.2(7)-3614.7(1.080)-3224.2(333)-4845.8(203)]TJ 8 0 0 8 55 528 Tm 0.0001 Tw [(Adapted fr)-15.1(om: Stark, J.C. and I.R. McCann. 1992. Optimal allocation of limited water supplies for Russet Burbank potatoes. )]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F9 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 479.3155 528 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0122 Tc 0 Tw [(Amer)47.7(. Potato J.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 55 516 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw (69:413-421.)Tj 4 0 0 4 55 503.4213 Tm 0 Tc (1)Tj 8 0 0 8 57.3515 498 Tm -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Thr)-14.1(ee-week water str)-14.1(ess inter)-92(vals ar)-14.1(e designated as early \(E\), mid \(M\), and late \(L\) bulking.)]TJ ET 1 1 1 sc 315 262.715 243 -193.5 re f /Document /MC1 BDC Q /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 345.555 256.817 196.482 -134.468 re f q 1 i 345.555 240.166 196.482 -118.177 re 445.821 253.306 96.216 -13.141 re 345.555 253.306 5.76 -13.141 re 345.555 257.177 196.482 -3.87 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.076 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 345.555 139.179 m 542.037 139.179 l 345.555 155.92 m 542.037 155.92 l 345.555 172.751 m 542.037 172.751 l 345.555 189.583 m 542.037 189.583 l 345.555 206.414 m 542.037 206.414 l 345.555 223.155 m 542.037 223.155 l 345.555 239.986 m 542.037 239.986 l 345.555 256.817 m 542.037 256.817 l S Q q 1 i 320.623 240.166 256.336 -149.77 re 445.821 253.306 131.138 -13.141 re 320.623 253.306 30.692 -13.141 re 320.623 265.727 256.336 -12.421 re W n 320.623 262.715 237.377 -172.319 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.533 0.565 0.588 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 345.374 256.997 m 541.857 256.997 l 541.857 256.997 m 541.857 122.528 l 541.857 122.528 m 345.374 122.528 l 345.374 122.528 m 345.374 256.997 l S Q q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n 0.349 0.353 0.361 sc 353.925 210.464 11.251 -88.115 re f /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 353.745 210.644 m 364.996 210.644 l 364.996 122.528 l 353.745 122.528 l 353.745 210.644 l S Q 0.349 0.353 0.361 sc /GS2 gs 393.258 210.734 11.25 -88.385 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 393.077 210.914 m 404.329 210.914 l 404.329 122.528 l 393.077 122.528 l 393.077 210.914 l S Q 432.5 229.905 11.251 -107.557 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 432.32 230.085 m 443.571 230.085 l 443.571 122.528 l 432.32 122.528 l 432.32 230.085 l S Q 471.833 237.016 11.251 -114.667 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 471.653 237.196 m 482.903 237.196 l 482.903 122.528 l 471.653 122.528 l 471.653 237.196 l S Q 511.075 246.376 11.25 -124.028 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 510.895 246.556 m 522.146 246.556 l 522.146 122.528 l 510.895 122.528 l 510.895 246.556 l S Q 0.573 0.58 0.592 sc 365.176 155.29 11.251 -32.942 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 364.996 155.471 m 376.246 155.471 l 376.246 122.528 l 364.996 122.528 l 364.996 155.471 l S Q 404.508 159.34 11.161 -36.992 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 404.329 159.52 m 415.49 159.52 l 415.49 122.528 l 404.329 122.528 l 404.329 159.52 l S Q 443.751 182.201 11.251 -59.853 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 443.571 182.382 m 454.822 182.382 l 454.822 122.528 l 443.571 122.528 l 443.571 182.382 l S Q 483.084 178.782 11.16 -56.434 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 482.903 178.961 m 494.064 178.961 l 494.064 122.528 l 482.903 122.528 l 482.903 178.961 l S Q 0.631 0.341 0.478 sc 522.325 188.953 11.252 -66.604 re f 0.573 0.58 0.592 sc 522.146 189.132 11.25 -66.604 re f q 1 i 345.555 256.817 196.572 -134.468 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 522.146 189.132 m 533.396 189.132 l 533.396 122.528 l 522.146 122.528 l 522.146 189.132 l S Q /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.151 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 345.555 256.817 m 345.555 122.348 l 343.935 122.348 m 345.555 122.348 l 343.935 139.179 m 345.555 139.179 l 343.935 155.92 m 345.555 155.92 l 343.935 172.751 m 345.555 172.751 l 343.935 189.583 m 345.555 189.583 l 343.935 206.414 m 345.555 206.414 l 343.935 223.155 m 345.555 223.155 l 343.935 239.986 m 345.555 239.986 l 343.935 256.817 m 345.555 256.817 l 345.555 122.348 m 542.037 122.348 l 345.555 120.548 m 345.555 122.348 l 384.887 120.548 m 384.887 122.348 l 424.129 120.548 m 424.129 122.348 l 463.462 120.548 m 463.462 122.348 l 502.705 120.548 m 502.705 122.348 l 542.037 120.548 m 542.037 122.348 l S BT /F10 1 Tf 4.8753 0 0 4.8753 338.6238 120.6392 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (0)Tj -0.5907 3.4522 TD 0.0001 Tc (50)Tj -0.5909 3.4338 TD (100)Tj 0 3.4523 TD (150)Tj 0 3.4522 TD (200)Tj 0 3.4524 TD (250)Tj 0 3.4339 TD (300)Tj 0 3.4522 TD (350)Tj T* (400)Tj 6.0004 0 0 6.0004 348.1646 111.998 Tm 0 Tc (Early August)Tj 1.065 -1.185 TD (- Abrupt)Tj 5.4899 1.185 TD 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (Early August)Tj 0.7502 -1.185 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (- Gradual)Tj 5.82 1.185 TD 0.0001 Tw (Mid August -)Tj 1.35 -1.185 TD 0 Tw (Abrupt)Tj 5.19 1.185 TD (Mid August -)Tj 1.0349 -1.185 TD 0.0001 Tc (Gradual)Tj 6.93 1.185 TD 0.0002 Tc (Check)Tj /F11 1 Tf 6.7504 0 0 6.7504 411.8892 95.2577 Tm /GS1 gs 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(Irrigation T)56.3(r)0.1(eatment)]TJ ET q 323.953 164.819 7.562 49.515 re W n q 7.704 0 0 49.704 323.868 164.688 cm /Im1 Do Q Q 1 1 1 sc 351.405 253.216 94.326 -13.05 re f /GS2 gs 351.315 253.306 94.506 -13.231 re S 0.349 0.353 0.361 sc /GS1 gs 355.815 248.446 3.69 -3.69 re f 0.605 w /GS2 gs 355.725 248.536 3.87 -3.87 re S BT /F10 1 Tf 6.0004 0 0 6.0004 360.8553 244.6665 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.1108 Tc 0 Tw [(To)-110.8(t)]TJ 1.334 0 TD 0.0001 Tc [(al Y)37.2(ield)]TJ ET 0.573 0.58 0.592 sc 399.288 248.446 3.691 -3.69 re f 399.198 248.536 3.87 -3.87 re S BT 6.0004 0 0 6.0004 404.3279 244.6665 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc [(US No.1 Y)37.2(ield)]TJ ET EMC q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n 1 1 1 sc /GS1 gs 315 82.517 243 -49.017 re f Q q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 316 74.714 Tm /GS1 gs -0.0146 Tc [(Figur)17.7(e 1.)]TJ ET Q q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 359.2355 74.714 Tm /GS1 gs -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Ef)-73.2(fect of early ir)-34.1(rigation cutof)-73.2(f on Russet Burbank)]TJ -4.8039 -1.0556 TD [(total and U.S. No. 1 yield, Aber)-17(deen Resear)-20(ch and Extension)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(Center)46.7(, 1992.)]TJ ET 1 1 1 sc 232.044 41.405 136.132 -28.41 re f BT 10 0 0 10 285.0147 33.5467 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0002 Tc (page )Tj ET Q q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F8 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 309.2066 33.5467 Tm /GS1 gs (3)Tj ET 0 J 0.5 w 200.927 681.4 m 281.718 681.4 l 452.508 681.624 m 542.176 681.624 l S Q endstream endobj 7 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 84 /Height 550 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace 36 0 R /Length 46201 >> stream                                                                   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Ϻ*Nh/᝿V j/O_392 YKlUPZ,^'9l"W</P.Ch<^'} q>T8~2Osyt@]izZvIӡ) 6"Fr!.ifz Eڞ+ůCŎ&﷨" '(EHIPLPQž䳪@SQqd5Ҳ><N: s6\JDsgՅ@F7yYU0qL8wyIcypB`S3dk$SMUjmS. 7Ck7!=ٳo^Y}¿l&I\: vԕ(F ǷLE`0c$񯍎Jᙑ#mO)¼\ILZcK2Jc/QkUk6!~rcݹm&oZHHrZBJMLCDcԧh7wm+Ȍ k`𹸁2|y]IgD{PD- cl- s 3xUKcToF;X-,t^|!y}g,R Gh%o uBS}w;S`lBt?TpMw9trZ*֋P7ē/cj):_+IÛe>dO@HIY`!jk '52ط'N<ZjYrSTfU`<`׌S83~N<$_Ͱܻ:> tԅ8ۖ/6Y؏%vNDgvRMKIܵ4;f@*&S.!4[v=[+D_Y==n~&^w-X#@+/Z(.Pea ;u+UP,H%lٔ#s,QKޯ2d ϿpoG#p^΢y^Ut B87 >ٙ UsD)NBPRVO߈?ۯ9lgmFBCwqwq߅-EaWq=n0| endstream endobj 9 0 obj << /Metadata 8 0 R >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 56 0 R /Resources 11 0 R /Contents 12 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 11 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 65 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F7 30 0 R /F8 31 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 67 0 R >> >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 8529 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 792 m 0 792 l f q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -684 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (The mid-August cutoff reduced total and U.S. No.)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (1 yields by about 13 percent. 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Irrigating two to three)Tj 24.8648 62.8571 TD [(days prior to har)-25.1(vest can usually adequately)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (rehydrate tubers in soils with moisture levels)Tj T* [(above 60 percent available soil water)59.6(.)]TJ 0 -1.7143 TD (Growers and irrigation districts should always)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (hold back adequate water to properly condition)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(the soil and rehydrate the tubers before har)-25(vest.)]TJ T* 0 Tw (This is particularly important in medium and)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (heavy textured soils where soil conditioning is)Tj T* 0 Tw [(necessar)-25(y to soften clods and minimize tuber)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw [(damage during har)-25.1(vest.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 316.08 582 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw (Fertility Management)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 564 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (If deficit irrigation management is going to be)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (implemented, the nitrogen management plan)Tj T* [(needs to be adjusted accordingly)79.7(. The degree of)]TJ T* (yield response to nitrogen fertilizer decreases)Tj T* 0 Tw (markedly as crop water use is reduced by water)Tj T* (stress. Specific gravity is also greatly affected by)Tj T* (water and nitrogen management. Specific gravity)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (generally decreases when water stress and high N)Tj T* 0 Tw (application rates are combined. High nitrogen)Tj T* (availability during late tuber bulking also often)Tj T* [(delays tuber maturity)79.7(. However)59.7(, these effects are)]TJ T* (dependent on duration and amount of both)Tj T* [(nitrogen and water availability)79.7(, location, environ-)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw [(ment, variety)79.7(, and other stresses on the crop.)]TJ 0 -1.7143 TD 0 Tw (Nitrogen application should be reduced if late)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (season water stress is anticipated. 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Stark, and G.E. Kleinkopf. 1990.)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD 0.0001 Tw [(Influence of ir)-34.1(rigation and nitr)-15.1(ogen management on potato yield and)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(quality)64.8(. Am. Potato J. 67:29-43.)]TJ 4 0 0 4 315.1269 83.4213 Tm 0 Tc (1)Tj 8 0 0 8 317.4784 78 Tm -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(This ir)-34.1(rigation level r)-14.1(epr)-14.1(esents 100% of cr)-15.1(op water r)-14.1(equir)-14.1(ements.)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 56 0 R /Resources 14 0 R /Contents 15 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 14 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 65 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F7 30 0 R /F8 31 0 R /F12 38 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 67 0 R >> >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Length 9276 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 792 m 0 792 l f q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -684 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 468 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (delay tuber bulking and increase the impact of)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (late season water stress.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 55 426 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw (Cultural Management)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 408 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (Management strategies for dealing with water)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (shortages are relatively limited and are often con-)Tj T* 0 Tw (trolled by decisions made at the irrigation or)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(water district level. However)59.6(, producers can par-)]TJ T* 0 Tw (tially mitigate these effects by preparing for antic-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (ipated water shortages before the crop is planted.)Tj T* 0 Tw (In addition to deficit irrigation management, pro-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (ducers should also consider changing other cul-)Tj T* 0 Tw (tural practices under their control, including)Tj T* (extent of potato acreage, field choice, variety)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (selection, and seed condition and spacing.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 55 270 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw [(Potato Acr)17.6(eage)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 252 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Potatoes grown in southeaster)-9.9(n and south-central)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (Idaho require 18 to 23 inches of water for maxi-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (mum yield. An additional two to three inches is)Tj T* [(required in southwester)-9.9(n Idaho due to the longer)]TJ T* (growing season. Peak daily crop water use is 0.31)Tj T* 0 Tw (to 0.34 inches. In locations where irrigation dis-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(tricts can and do elect to reduce deliver)-25(y rates to)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(extend the length of deliver)-25.1(y)79.9(,)0( reducing potato)]TJ T* (acreage to match the available water supply is)Tj T* (likely a better management option than deficit)Tj T* (irrigation.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 55 114 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw (Field Choice)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 96 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0173 Tc 0 Tw (If possible, potatoes should be grown on fields that)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (have the greatest potential for maintaining ade-)Tj T* (quate soil moisture under deficit irrigation man-)Tj T* (agement. Coarse-textured soils such as sands and)Tj 24.8648 38.8571 TD (sandy loams have low water-holding capacities,)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (which will lead to rapid development of water)Tj T* (stress under deficit irrigation. In comparison, soils)Tj T* (with relatively high water-holding capacities, such)Tj T* (as loams and silt loams, allow water stress to)Tj T* (develop at a slower rate, reducing its impact on)Tj T* [(yield and quality)79.8(. In locations where irrigation dis-)]TJ T* [(tricts elect to reduce the number of water deliver)-24.9(y)]TJ T* [(days per week to extend the water deliver)-24.9(y period,)]TJ T* (fields with predominately loam and silt loam soils)Tj T* (are the best choice for potato production.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 316.08 330 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (V)Tj 0.6823 0 TD -0.0218 Tc (ariety Selection and Management)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 312 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (V)Tj 0.5815 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (ariety choice can be an important tool in deal-)Tj -0.5815 -1.1429 TD (ing with irrigation water deficits. Potato varieties)Tj T* [(var)-25(y widely in maturity and in ability to with-)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (stand water stress. One or both of these traits can)Tj T* (help avoid serious losses in short water situations.)Tj T* 0 Tw (Planting an early maturing variety can help a)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (grower avoid crop damage resulting from a late-)Tj T* [(season loss of water supply)79.7(.)0( Planting a drought)]TJ T* 0 Tw (resistant variety will minimize losses caused by)Tj T* (any condition imposed by water shortage.)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0 Tc (V)Tj 0.5815 0 TD -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (arietal differences in drought resistance are illus-)Tj -0.5815 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (trated by the results of a recent study in which six)Tj T* (potato varieties were exposed to five different)Tj T* [(water deficit scenarios \(T)94.8(able 4\). T)64.8(reatments)]TJ T* (included: )Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F12 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 120 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0127 Tc 0 Tw (100% ET)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 366.601 120 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (- Application of irrigation water to pro-)Tj -4.8115 -1.1429 TD (vide 100% evapotranspiration \(ET\) replacement)Tj T* (for the full season )Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F12 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 78 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0127 Tc 0 Tw (100% Cut Off)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 391.8362 78 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (- Providing 100% ET replacement)Tj -7.2149 -1.1429 TD (until Aug 10 with no application thereafter )Tj ET 1 1 1 sc 232.044 41.405 136.132 -28.41 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 285.0147 33.5467 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (page )Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F8 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 309.2066 33.5467 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (5)Tj ET 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -256.5 re f BT 9 0 0 9 55 726 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc (T)Tj 0.4609 0 TD -0.0122 Tc (able 4.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 88.6907 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0121 Tc 0 Tw [(Comparison of r)-14(elative U.S. No. 1 yields of six potato varieties for five ir)-34(rigation deficit scenarios averaged over a two-year)]TJ ET /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 55 705.359 m 557 705.359 l S BT 9 0 0 9 55 714 Tm 0.0001 Tw [(period, Aber)-17(deen Resear)-20(ch and Extension Center)46.7(, 2002-03. )]TJ ET 127 691.484 m 557 691.484 l S BT 9 0 0 9 55 696 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (V)Tj 0.467 0 TD -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(ariety)-5800.5(Yield as % of 100 % ET T)41.8(r)-13.9(eatment )]TJ ET 55 672.296 m 557 672.296 l S BT 9 0 0 9 132.1703 678 Tm 0 Tw (100% ET)Tj 4.5 0 0 4.5 166.1472 684.095 Tm 0 Tc (1)Tj 9 0 0 9 182.9974 678 Tm -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(100% Cut Of)-73.2(f)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 234.9027 684.095 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 9 0 0 9 248.2105 678 Tm -0.0121 Tc (75% ET)Tj 4.5 0 0 4.5 276.8966 684.095 Tm 0 Tc (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 291.8478 678 Tm -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(75% Cut Of)-73.2(f)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 338.4623 684.095 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (4)Tj 9 0 0 9 353.2887 678 Tm -0.0121 Tc (100-75-50%)Tj 4.5 0 0 4.5 400.2594 684.095 Tm 0 Tc (5)Tj 9 0 0 9 55 660 Tm -0.0122 Tc [(Alturas)-7067.4(100)-4876.1(71)-4780.4(71)-4669.1(37)-5671(77)]TJ 0 -1.3333 TD [(GemStar Russet)-3012.7(100)-4876.1(76)-4780.4(80)-4669.1(58)-5671(82)]TJ T* [(Ranger Russet)-3760.5(100)-4876.1(72)-4780.4(78)-4669.1(53)-5671(82)]TJ T* [(Russet Burbank)-3232.7(100)-4876.1(80)-4780.4(76)-4669.1(68)-5671(96)]TJ T* [(Russet Norkotah)-2884.8(100)-4876.1(97)-4780.4(84)-4669.1(81)-5671(98)]TJ ET 55 596.486 m 557 596.486 l S BT 9 0 0 9 55 600 Tm [(Summit Russet)-3460.4(100)-4876.1(79)-4780.4(83)-4669.1(54)-5671(83)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 55 590.601 Tm 0 Tc (1)Tj 9 0 0 9 57.6454 587.476 Tm -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Application of ir)-34.1(rigation water to pr)-15.1(ovide 100% ET r)-14.1(eplacement for the full season)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 55 581.101 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 9 0 0 9 57.6454 577.976 Tm -0.0121 Tc [(Pr)-15(oviding 100% ET r)-14(e)0.1(placement until Aug 10 with no application ther)-14(eafter )]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 55 571.601 Tm 0 Tc (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 57.6454 568.476 Tm -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Pr)-15.1(oviding 75% of ET r)-14.1(eplacement for the full season )]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 55 562.101 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (4)Tj 9 0 0 9 57.6454 558.976 Tm -0.0121 Tc [(Pr)-15(oviding 75% of ET r)-14(eplacement until Aug 10 with no application ther)-14(eafter)]TJ 4.5 0 0 4.5 55 552.601 Tm 0 Tc (5)Tj 9 0 0 9 57.625 549.476 Tm -0.0121 Tc [(Pr)-15(oviding 100% of ET r)-14(eplacement until July 20 with a r)-14(eduction to 75% of ET until Aug 10 and then decr)-14(easing to 50% ET r)-14(eplace)]TJ 55.1884 0 TD 0 Tc (-)Tj -55.1884 -1.0555 TD -0.0121 Tc (ment until vine kill)Tj -0.2917 -1.9973 TD 0.0001 Tw [(NOTE: Data ar)-14.1(e pr)-14.1(esented as the per)-19.9(cent yield in comparison with the contr)-15(ol tr)-14.1(eatment \(full ET r)-14.1(eplacement, season-long\). )]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 56 0 R /Resources 17 0 R /Contents 18 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 17 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 65 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F6 81 0 R /F7 30 0 R /F8 31 0 R /F10 33 0 R /F12 38 0 R >> /XObject << /Im2 39 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R /GS2 35 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 67 0 R /Cs9 36 0 R >> >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Length 14444 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 792 m 0 792 l f q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -684 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F12 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0127 Tc 0 Tw (75% ET)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 99.0394 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (- Providing 75% of ET replacement for)Tj -4.1942 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (the full season )Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F12 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 696 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0127 Tc 0 Tw (75% Cut Off)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 124.2747 696 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (- Providing 75% of ET replacement)Tj -6.5976 -1.1429 TD (until Aug 10 with no application thereafter )Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F12 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 666 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0128 Tc 0 Tw (100-75-50)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 109.9862 666 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (- Providing 100% of ET replacement)Tj -5.2368 -1.1429 TD (until July 20 with a reduction to 75% of ET until)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (Aug 10 and then decreasing to 50% ET replace-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ment until vine kill)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD (A three-variety subset from these trials can be)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (used to illustrate drought avoidance or assistance)Tj T* 0 Tw (mechanisms \(Figure 2\). First, providing full irriga-)Tj T* (tion through mid-bulking, followed by a slow)Tj T* (reduction in irrigation amounts, was the best sce-)Tj T* (nario in a limited water situation for all three)Tj T* (varieties. Second, a late-maturing, stress-suscepti-)Tj T* (ble variety such as Russet Burbank is subject to)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (large losses of marketable tubers under either)Tj T* 0 Tw (moderate season-long stress or sudden severe)Tj T* [(water stress caused by ter)-9.9(mination of irrigation.)]TJ T* (An early-maturing variety like Russet Norkotah)Tj T* (can withstand late season loss of water with little)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (or no loss of yield as long as there is sufficient)Tj T* 0 Tw (water during tuber bulking. A drought tolerant)Tj T* (variety like GemStar Russet can maintain high)Tj T* (yields of marketable tubers, even under fairly)Tj T* -0.0001 Tw (severe stress. )Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0 Tw (Additional results from this same study show that)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (even varieties within a similar maturity class are)Tj T* [(affected differently by water stress \(T)94.9(able 4\).)]TJ T* (Alturas, for example, is a late maturing variety)Tj T* (like Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, but it is)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (even more affected by late season loss of water)Tj T* 0 Tw [(supply)79.7(. This is likely due to a high late-season)]TJ T* (water demand, and its tendency for late tuber)Tj T* (bulking.)Tj 24.8648 41.1429 TD (Identifying varieties that can be used in different)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (water deficit situations is not as simple as finding)Tj T* (one that is simply drought tolerant. Before adopt-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(ing a new variety)79.7(, growers need to consider other)]TJ T* 0 Tw (factors as well, including market acceptance,)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (local adaptation, resistance to common pest and)Tj T* (stress problems, and yield. Below is a limited list)Tj T* 0 Tw (of current varieties that may be used in deficit)Tj T* (seasons.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 316.08 612 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw [(Early Maturing V)73.7(arieties)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 594 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (Russet Norkotah)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0 Tw [(Shepody \(on early deliver)-25.1(y contract\))]TJ T* [(Ranger Russet \(on early deliver)-25.1(y contract\))]TJ T* (Many red varieties, including Red Norland, Red)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (LaSoda, NorDonna, Mazama, Modoc)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 316.08 510 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw [(Dr)17.7(ought T)91.6(olerant V)73.8(arieties)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 492 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (Russet Norkotah)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD (Ranger Russet)Tj T* 0 Tw (GemStar Russet)Tj T* (Gem Russet)Tj T* (CalWhite)Tj T* 0 Tc (V)Tj 0.5815 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (arieties that can be used in water deficit situa-)Tj -0.5815 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (tions may require specific management consider-)Tj T* (ations to produce a high-quality crop. Here are)Tj T* 0 Tw (some useful irrigation management tips for the)Tj T* (most common varieties grown in Idaho:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 336 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.012 Tc 0.0001 Tw (Ranger Russet:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 391.5757 336 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (Although relatively resistant to)Tj -7.1901 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (drought stress from the standpoint of yield loss,)Tj T* 0 Tw (Ranger Russet is prone to tuber quality problems)Tj T* (if stressed during tuber set and early bulking.)Tj T* (Stress during this critical early period results in)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (sugar ends and long, narrow-shaped tubers.)Tj T* [(Consequently)79.7(, even when water is in short supply)79.7(,)]TJ T* 0 Tw (full water use requirements should be met during)Tj T* (the period from tuber set through early tuber)Tj T* (bulking. Ranger Russet also is susceptible to)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (blackspot bruise and should not be handled when)Tj T* [(tubers are dehydrated or when soils are dr)-25(y and)]TJ T* 0 Tw (hard. Adequate moisture should be made avail-)Tj T* [(able to allow har)-25.1(vest under ideal soil moisture)]TJ T* (conditions.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 150 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.012 Tc 0 Tw (Russet Norkotah:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 403.0624 150 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (The most critical issues associ-)Tj -8.284 -1.1429 TD (ated with Russet Norkotah are late-season over-)Tj T* 0 Tw (irrigation. In a water deficit situation, this is not)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (an issue. There are several line selections of Russet)Tj T* 0 Tw (Norkotah including medium maturing strains)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (\(CO#8, TXNS112, TXNS223, TXNS278, and)Tj T* 0 Tw (TXNS296\) and a late maturing strain \(CO#3\). If a)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(water shortage in the for)-9.9(m of a late-season supply)]TJ ET 1 1 1 sc 54 263.534 243 -185.075 re f Q /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 84.838 246.554 195.36 -140.655 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.897 195.36 -1.969 re 84.838 244.927 0.856 -27.823 re 222.669 244.927 57.53 -27.823 re 84.838 217.104 195.36 -111.548 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.076 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 84.838 123.448 m 280.199 123.448 l 84.838 141.084 m 280.199 141.084 l 84.838 158.634 m 280.199 158.634 l 84.838 176.183 m 280.199 176.183 l 84.838 193.819 m 280.199 193.819 l 84.838 211.369 m 280.199 211.369 l 84.838 229.004 m 280.199 229.004 l 84.838 246.554 m 280.199 246.554 l S Q q 1 i 59.327 255.543 243.814 -10.616 re 59.327 244.927 26.368 -27.823 re 222.669 244.927 80.472 -27.823 re 59.327 217.104 243.814 -128.327 re W n 59.327 255.543 237.673 -166.766 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.533 0.565 0.588 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 84.667 246.725 m 280.027 246.725 l 280.027 246.725 m 280.027 106.07 l 280.027 106.07 m 84.667 106.07 l 84.667 106.07 m 84.667 246.725 l S Q q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n 0.275 0.271 0.278 sc 92.286 167.793 10.016 -61.895 re f /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 92.115 167.965 m 102.131 167.965 l 102.131 106.07 l 92.115 106.07 l 92.115 167.965 l S Q 0.275 0.271 0.278 sc /GS2 gs 157.435 183.974 10.016 -78.075 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 157.264 184.145 m 167.28 184.145 l 167.28 106.07 l 157.264 106.07 l 157.264 184.145 l S Q 222.498 224.723 10.015 -118.825 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 222.326 224.895 m 232.342 224.895 l 232.342 106.07 l 222.326 106.07 l 222.326 224.895 l S Q 0.651 0.659 0.671 sc 102.303 155.466 10.016 -49.567 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 102.131 155.637 m 112.148 155.637 l 112.148 106.07 l 102.131 106.07 l 102.131 155.637 l S Q 167.451 181.834 10.016 -75.935 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 167.28 182.004 m 177.296 182.004 l 177.296 106.07 l 167.28 106.07 l 167.28 182.004 l S Q 232.513 196.302 10.018 -90.403 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 232.342 196.473 m 242.359 196.473 l 242.359 106.07 l 232.342 106.07 l 232.342 196.473 l S Q 0.898 0.902 0.906 sc 112.319 152.983 10.102 -47.085 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 112.148 153.155 m 122.25 153.155 l 122.25 106.07 l 112.148 106.07 l 112.148 153.155 l S Q 177.467 171.647 10.017 -65.748 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 177.296 171.817 m 187.311 171.817 l 187.311 106.07 l 177.296 106.07 l 177.296 171.817 l S Q 242.531 200.496 10.101 -94.598 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 242.359 200.668 m 252.461 200.668 l 252.461 106.07 l 242.359 106.07 l 242.359 200.668 l S Q 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 122.421 148.103 10.016 -42.205 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 122.25 148.275 m 132.266 148.275 l 132.266 106.07 l 122.25 106.07 l 122.25 148.275 l S Q 187.484 168.821 10.016 -62.923 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 187.311 168.992 m 197.328 168.992 l 197.328 106.07 l 187.311 106.07 l 187.311 168.992 l S Q 252.632 175.156 10.015 -69.258 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 252.461 175.328 m 262.477 175.328 l 262.477 106.07 l 252.461 106.07 l 252.461 175.328 l S Q 0.467 0.471 0.482 sc 132.437 165.311 10.016 -59.413 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 132.266 165.482 m 142.282 165.482 l 142.282 106.07 l 132.266 106.07 l 132.266 165.482 l S Q 197.5 182.518 10.016 -76.62 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 197.328 182.69 m 207.344 182.69 l 207.344 106.07 l 197.328 106.07 l 197.328 182.69 l S Q 262.647 202.979 10.017 -97.08 re f q 1 i 84.838 246.554 195.445 -140.655 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 262.477 203.15 m 272.493 203.15 l 272.493 106.07 l 262.477 106.07 l 262.477 203.15 l S Q /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.151 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 84.838 246.554 m 84.838 105.898 l 83.126 105.898 m 84.838 105.898 l 83.126 123.448 m 84.838 123.448 l 83.126 141.084 m 84.838 141.084 l 83.126 158.634 m 84.838 158.634 l 83.126 176.183 m 84.838 176.183 l 83.126 193.819 m 84.838 193.819 l 83.126 211.369 m 84.838 211.369 l 83.126 229.004 m 84.838 229.004 l 83.126 246.554 m 84.838 246.554 l 84.838 105.898 m 280.199 105.898 l 84.838 104.186 m 84.838 105.898 l 149.987 104.186 m 149.987 105.898 l 215.05 104.186 m 215.05 105.898 l 280.199 104.186 m 280.199 105.898 l S BT /F10 1 Tf 5.7072 0 0 5.7072 77.3906 104.0999 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (0)Tj -0.555 3.0751 TD 0.0002 Tc (50)Tj -0.555 3.09 TD 0.0001 Tc (100)Tj 0 3.0749 TD 0.0002 Tc (150)Tj 0 3.075 TD 0.0001 Tc (200)Tj 0 3.09 TD 0.0002 Tc (250)Tj 0 3.075 TD 0.0001 Tc (300)Tj 0 3.09 TD 0.0002 Tc (350)Tj 0 3.0751 TD 0.0001 Tc (400)Tj 4.545 -26.0552 TD 0 Tc [(Russet Burbank)-4135.9(Russet Norkotah)-3997.5(GemStar Russet)]TJ ET q 62.495 138.594 7.192 75.257 re W n /GS1 gs q 7.2675 0 0 75.3329 62.457 138.5562 cm /Im2 Do Q Q 85.695 244.927 136.974 -27.908 re S BT 5.67 0 0 5.67 94.2166 237.6852 Tm /GS1 gs 0.0001 Tc -0.0003 Tw [(100% ET )-3608.9( )-3722.2(75% ET)18.4( Cut Of)18.1(f)]TJ 0 -1.5556 TD 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(100% ET)18.3( Cut Of)18(f )-199.5( )-3722.1(100% - 75% - 50% ET)]TJ T* 0.0002 Tc -0.0004 Tw (75% ET)Tj ET 89.005 241.671 3.682 -3.681 re f 0.605 w /GS2 gs 89.005 241.671 3.682 -3.681 re S 0.898 0.902 0.906 sc 89.005 224.031 3.682 -3.681 re f 89.005 224.031 3.682 -3.681 re S 0.651 0.659 0.671 sc 89.091 232.766 3.509 -3.51 re f 89.005 232.851 3.682 -3.681 re S 0.792 0.914 0.957 sc 156.501 241.585 3.509 -3.51 re f 0.467 0.471 0.482 sc 156.414 241.671 3.682 -3.681 re f 156.414 241.671 3.682 -3.681 re S 0.486 0.216 0.486 sc 156.501 232.451 3.509 -3.51 re f 0.341 0.345 0.353 sc 156.414 232.536 3.682 -3.681 re f 156.414 232.536 3.682 -3.681 re S q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n 1 1 1 sc /GS1 gs 54 80.694 243 -66.105 re f Q q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 55 72.891 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc /GS1 gs -0.0146 Tc 0 Tw [(Figur)17.7(e 2.)]TJ ET Q q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F7 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 98.2355 72.891 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc /GS1 gs -0.0122 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(Impact of ir)-34.1(rigation deficits on the US No. 1 tuber)]TJ -4.8039 -1.0556 TD 0 Tw (yields for Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and GemStar)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(Russet, Aber)-17(deen Resear)-20(ch and Extension Center)46.7(, 2002-03.)]TJ ET 1 1 1 sc 228.795 41.405 134.356 -28.41 re f BT 10 0 0 10 280.8779 33.5467 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (page )Tj ET Q q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F8 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 305.0698 33.5467 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (6)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 56 0 R /Resources 20 0 R /Contents 21 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 20 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 65 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F6 81 0 R /F7 30 0 R /F8 31 0 R /F10 33 0 R /F11 34 0 R >> /XObject << /Im2 39 0 R /Im3 22 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 93 0 R /GS2 35 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 67 0 R /Cs9 36 0 R /Cs10 40 0 R >> /Properties << /MC2 24 0 R /MC3 26 0 R >> >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Length 18543 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 792 m 0 792 l f q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 54 738 504 -684 re f Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0.0001 Tw (loss is expected, the standard Russet Norkotah)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (should be planted. The medium maturing lines)Tj T* (may produce adequately in this situation, but the)Tj T* (late strain\(s\) should be avoided.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 672 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.012 Tc 0 Tw (Shepody)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 95.6266 672 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw [(: Due to common scab susceptibility)79.6(,)]TJ -3.8692 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (Shepody requires high soil water levels at tuber)Tj T* 0 Tw (set and early bulking to minimize infection, but)Tj T* [(other)-25(wise can withstand drought conditions rela-)]TJ T* [(tively well. It should not be left to mature in dr)-25(y)79.9(,)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (hot soils due to a tendency for heat sprouts and a)Tj T* 0 Tw [(decline in tuber specific gravity)79.6(.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 582 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.012 Tc 0 Tw (Alturas:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 97.2582 582 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (This variety is not a good choice when)Tj -4.0246 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (water deficit conditions are projected. Alturas is a)Tj T* (heavy water user during most of the growing sea-)Tj T* (son and is especially susceptible to late-season)Tj T* 0 Tw (deficits. If a water shortage occurs during produc-)Tj T* (tion of an Alturas crop, it shows a better response)Tj T* (to a slow decline in water supply rather than a)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(sudden ter)-9.9(mination.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 480 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0119 Tc 0 Tw (Gem Russet:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 117.685 480 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw [(Because it is a full-season variety)79.6(,)]TJ -5.97 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (Gem Russet is not necessarily a good choice under)Tj T* 0 Tw (late-season water supply deficits, but it does)Tj T* (maintain good tuber quality during drought)Tj T* (stress. Like Ranger Russet, Gem Russet is suscepti-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (ble to blackspot bruise and needs good soil mois-)Tj T* 0 Tw [(ture conditions during har)-25.1(vest.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 55 390 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.012 Tc 0 Tw (GemStar Russet:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 138.2539 390 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (This variety has good drought)Tj -7.9289 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (tolerance characteristics and is a good choice dur-)Tj T* (ing water shortage situations. It seems to respond)Tj T* 0 Tw (better to season-long, moderate water stress)Tj T* [(rather than a sudden loss of supply)79.6(, provided the)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw (sudden loss occurs more than one month before)Tj T* 0 Tw [(har)-25(vest. If water deficit timing can be managed,)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw [(GemStar Russet will produce a nearly nor)-9.9(mal)]TJ T* (crop if late-season water shortages are imposed)Tj T* 0 Tw [(gradually rather than abruptly)79.7(.)]TJ ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F6 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.012 Tc 0 Tw (CalWhite:)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 368.9445 726 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.5164 0 TD -0.0116 Tc (uber quality of CalWhite can decline)Tj -5.5511 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (as a result of its susceptibility to heat sprouting. If)Tj T* 0 Tw (irrigation water supplies are lost late in the sea-)Tj T* [(son, tubers should not be left to mature in dr)-25(y)79.9(,)]TJ T* (hot soils.)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10.6 0 0 10.6 316.08 660 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0218 Tc 0 Tw (Seed Condition and Spacing)Tj ET Q q 1 i 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10.5 0 0 10.5 316.08 642 Tm /Cs5 cs 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc -0.0116 Tc 0 Tw (Physiological aging of potato seed often results in)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0.0001 Tw (earlier plant emergence and tuber development.)Tj T* (If water shortages are anticipated late in the sea-)Tj T* 0 Tw [(son, deliberately tr)-25.1(ying to accelerate tuber devel-)]TJ T* (opment by planting seed that has been aged by)Tj T* [(war)-9.9(ming during storage may be advantageous.)]TJ T* (This may reduce the magnitude of yield reduction)Tj T* (from early irrigation cutoff by completing more of)Tj T* (the tuber bulking growth stage before water stress)Tj T* (develops.)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0.0001 Tw (Seedpiece spacing can also be modified to par-)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (tially mitigate the effects of water stress on tuber)Tj T* (yield and quality during tuber bulking. Field stud-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (ies conducted at the Aberdeen Research and)Tj T* 0 Tw (Extension Center in 1991 investigated the effect of)Tj T* (seed spacing on tuber yield and quality under)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw (several levels of water stress during tuber bulking.)Tj T* (Irrigation was reduced to 81, 50, and 24 percent)Tj T* 0 Tw (of crop water use for successive irrigations after)Tj T* (July 13. U.S. No. 1 yields were consistently the)Tj T* (lowest for the 10-inch seed spacing \(Figure 3\). U.S.)Tj T* (No. 1 yields for the 15- and 20-inch seed spacing)Tj T* (were not significantly different for mild to moder-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tw [(ate water stress. However)59.7(,)0( under severe water)]TJ T* (stress, the 20-inch seed spacing provided signifi-)Tj T* 0 Tw (cantly higher U.S. No. 1 yield compared to either)Tj T* (the 10- or 15-inch seed spacing. )Tj 0 -1.7143 TD 0.0001 Tw (Increased seed spacing reduces the number of)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (tubers per unit area. Thus, the tubers that are set)Tj T* (have a larger soil area from which to draw water)Tj T* (and nutrients, resulting in increased average)Tj ET 1 1 1 sc 54 249.73 243 -193.5 re f /Document /MC2 BDC Q /Cs5 cs 1 1 1 sc 84.017 245.354 195.875 -134.502 re f q 1 i 84.017 205.784 195.875 -95.276 re 265.73 228.702 14.162 -22.918 re 84.017 228.702 150.984 -22.918 re 84.017 245.697 195.875 -16.995 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.076 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 84.017 130.078 m 279.892 130.078 l 84.017 149.305 m 279.892 149.305 l 84.017 168.531 m 279.892 168.531 l 84.017 187.672 m 279.892 187.672 l 84.017 206.9 m 279.892 206.9 l 84.017 226.127 m 279.892 226.127 l 84.017 245.354 m 279.892 245.354 l S Q q 1 i 58.439 205.784 244.457 -118.623 re 265.73 228.702 37.166 -22.918 re 58.439 228.702 176.563 -22.918 re 58.439 254.367 244.457 -25.665 re W n 58.439 249.73 238.561 -162.569 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.533 0.565 0.588 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 83.846 245.526 m 279.72 245.526 l 279.72 245.526 m 279.72 111.023 l 279.72 111.023 m 83.846 111.023 l 83.846 111.023 m 83.846 245.526 l S Q q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n 0.349 0.353 0.361 sc 92.172 216.943 10.901 -106.091 re f /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d /GS2 gs 92 217.114 m 102.901 217.114 l 102.901 111.023 l 92 111.023 l 92 217.114 l S Q 0.349 0.353 0.361 sc /GS2 gs 141.184 224.582 10.901 -113.731 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 141.012 224.754 m 151.913 224.754 l 151.913 111.023 l 141.012 111.023 l 141.012 224.754 l S Q 190.109 200.806 10.901 -89.954 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 189.938 200.977 m 200.839 200.977 l 200.839 111.023 l 189.938 111.023 l 189.938 200.977 l S Q 239.121 166.986 10.902 -56.135 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 238.949 167.158 m 249.85 167.158 l 249.85 111.023 l 238.949 111.023 l 238.949 167.158 l S Q 0.573 0.58 0.592 sc 103.073 231.106 10.901 -120.254 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 102.901 231.277 m 113.802 231.277 l 113.802 111.023 l 102.901 111.023 l 102.901 231.277 l S Q 152.085 232.307 10.815 -121.455 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 151.913 232.479 m 162.729 232.479 l 162.729 111.023 l 151.913 111.023 l 151.913 232.479 l S Q 201.01 209.647 10.902 -98.795 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 200.839 209.819 m 211.739 209.819 l 211.739 111.023 l 200.839 111.023 l 200.839 209.819 l S Q 250.023 169.648 10.814 -58.797 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 249.85 169.819 m 260.665 169.819 l 260.665 111.023 l 249.85 111.023 l 249.85 169.819 l S Q 0.816 0.824 0.831 sc 113.974 234.968 10.902 -124.117 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 113.802 235.139 m 124.704 235.139 l 124.704 111.023 l 113.802 111.023 l 113.802 235.139 l S Q 162.9 234.196 10.901 -123.344 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 162.729 234.367 m 173.629 234.367 l 173.629 111.023 l 162.729 111.023 l 162.729 234.367 l S Q 211.911 210.763 10.901 -99.911 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 211.739 210.934 m 222.642 210.934 l 222.642 111.023 l 211.739 111.023 l 211.739 210.934 l S Q 260.837 186.901 10.901 -76.049 re f q 1 i 84.017 245.354 195.96 -134.502 re W n /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.605 w 10 M []0 d 260.665 187.072 m 271.566 187.072 l 271.566 111.023 l 260.665 111.023 l 260.665 187.072 l S Q /Cs5 CS 0.161 0.145 0.149 SC 2 J 0 j 0.151 w 10 M []0 d 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75.424 re W n q 7.344 0 0 75.624 61.548 140.328 cm /Im2 Do Q Q 1 1 1 sc 235.086 228.616 30.558 -22.832 re f /GS2 gs 235.002 228.702 30.728 -23.003 re S 0.6 0.639 0.824 sc 239.035 226.471 3.519 -3.52 re f 0.349 0.353 0.361 sc 238.949 226.556 3.691 -3.69 re f q 235.086 228.616 30.558 -22.746 re W n 0.605 w 238.949 226.556 3.691 -3.69 re S Q BT /F10 1 Tf 5.7223 0 0 5.7223 243.8417 222.8655 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc 0.0003 Tw (10 inch)Tj ET 0.573 0.58 0.592 sc 239.035 218.917 3.519 -3.519 re f 0.605 w 238.949 219.003 3.691 -3.691 re S BT 5.7223 0 0 5.7223 243.8417 215.3113 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc (15 inch)Tj ET 0.957 0.949 0.827 sc 239.035 211.278 3.519 -3.52 re f 0.816 0.824 0.831 sc 238.949 211.364 3.691 -3.691 re f q 235.086 228.616 30.558 -22.746 re W n 238.949 211.364 3.691 -3.691 re S Q BT 5.7223 0 0 5.7223 243.8417 207.6726 Tm 0.161 0.145 0.149 sc (20 inch)Tj -1.725 4.47 TD 0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (Seed Spacing)Tj ET EMC q 0 792 612 -792 re 0 792 m W n 0 792.06 612 -792 re W n 1 1 1 sc 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